The periodic table is a tabular display of the chemical elements. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is generally seen as an icon of chemistry.
It is a graphic formulation of the periodic law, which states that the properties of the chemical elements exhibit an approximate periodic dependence on their atomic numbers.
The periodic table is divided into four roughly rectangular areas called blocks.
- S block – elements of group 1 and 2
- P block – elements of group 13 to 18
- D block – elements of group 3 to 12
- F block – Lanthanides and Actinides
The rows of the table are called periods, and the columns are called groups. Elements from the same column group of the periodic table show similar chemical characteristics.
| 1 | Most abundant metal in earth’s crust – | Aluminium |
| 2 | Most abundant element on earth’s crust – | Oxygen |
| 3 | Most abundant metalloid in earth’s crust – | Silicon |
| 4 | Most abundant element in atmosphere – | Nitrogen |
| 5 | Most abundant element in the universe – | Hydrogen |
| 6 | Most abundant element in human body – | Oxygen |
| 7 | Most abundant gas in atmosphere – | Nitrogen |
| 8 | Most abundant element in sea water – | Chlorine |
| 9 | Most abundant element in moon’s surface – | Titanium |
| 10 | Most abundant metal present in human body and bones – | Calcium |
| 11 | Most abundant metal compound in bones – | Calcium phosphate |
| 12 | Most abundant compound on earth’s surface – | Water (H2O) |
| 13 | Most abundant compound in sea water – | Sodium Chloride |
| 14 | Second most abundant compound in sea water – | Magnesium Chloride |
| 15 | Most chemically reactive element – | Fluorine |
| 16 | Second most chemically reactive element – | Chlorine |
| 17 | The lightest and simplest element – | Hydrogen |
| 18 | The lightest metal – | Lithium |
| 19 | The rarest element in the earth – | Astatine |
| 20 | The heaviest element – | Osmium |
| 21 | The heaviest gaseous element – | Radon |
| 22 | First man made element – | Technetium |
| 23 | Most stable element – | Lead |
| 24 | The shortest period of the periodic table – | First period |
| 25 | The longest period of the periodic table – | Sixth period |
| 26 | Elements with atomic number 57-71 are known as – | Lanthanides (rare earths) |
| 27 | Elements with atomic number 89-103 are known as – | Actinides (radio active rare earths) |
| 28 | Total number of elements in periodic table – | 118 |
| 29 | The number of naturally occurring elements – | 92 |
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