241. The scientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist. This may be one reason that many researchers have shied away fromthe notion of mind and consciousness in nonhuman animals.
The phrase "shied away from" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
242. Gallup' report of the experiment, published in a 1970 article, was amilestone in our understanding of animal minds, and psychologists wondered how widespread selfrecognition would prove to be.
The word "milestone" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
243. Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades.
The word "critical" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
244. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems.
The word "jolting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
245. However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.
The word "magnitude" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - E
246. The conservatism of the early English colonists in North American, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England.
The phrase "attachment to " is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
247. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue of protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint-thus the term "joiner.
The word "protruding" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - C
248. Locks and escutcheon plates-the latter to shield the wood from the metal key-would often be imported.
The word "shield" in line 23 closest in meaning to
Answer - D
249. The establishment of these posts opened new roads and provided for the protection of daring adventurers and expeditions as well as established settlers.
The word "daring" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
250. Throughout the wilderness, post bands provided entertainment and boostedmorale.
The word "boosted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - C
251. It slowed construction of forts and inhibited their military function.
The word "inhibited" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
252. Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart, the most obvious difference being that it is often much heavier.
The word "counterpart' is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
253. But it is a wrong interpretation; fossils are frequently so dense because the pores and other spaces in the bone have become filled with minerals taken up from the surrounding sediments.
The word "pores" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
254. Although nothing remains of the original collagen, some of its component amino acids are usually still detectable, together with amino acids of the noncollagen proteins of bone.
The word "detectable" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
255. In spite of Hunt's inviting facade, the living space was awkwardly arranged. Those who could afford them were quite content to reunion in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couples and bachelors.
The word "inviting" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - C
256. Those who could afford them were quite content to reunion in the more sumptuous, single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young married couples and bachelors.
The word "sumptuous" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
257. The lot could also accommodate a rectangular tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that great apartment buildings require.
The word "yield" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
258. A snowfall consists of myriads ofminute ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of frozen precipitation.
The word "minute" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
259. The process can be very rapid, quickly creating sizable ice crystals, some of which adhere to each other to create a cluster of ice crystals or a snowflake.
The word "adhere" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - C
260. In addition, mountainous sections or rising terrain can initiate snowfalls by the geographical lifting of a moist airstream.
The word "initiate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
261. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents.
The word "modifying" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
262. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.
The word "rapidity" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - C
263. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.
The word "efficiency" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
264. Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.
The word "rear" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
265. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.
The word "scale" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
266. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls.
The word "immunity" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - C
267. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.
The word "conspicuous" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - C
268. On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them.
The phrase "On the other hand " is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
269. Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities.
The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
270. These new urbanites, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
The word "embraced" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
271. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them.
The word "exorbitant" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
272. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
The word "Proponents" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
273. By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions. By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artist had already undergone change.
The word "outbreak" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
274. Some colonial urban portraitist, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and CharlesWillson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons.
The word "consorted" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
275. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings.
The word "sufficient" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
276. The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households;it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle.
The word "drew" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
277. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather.
The word "annihilate" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
278.Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called "the metropolitan corridor" of the American landscape.
The word "Moreover" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - B
The word "aptly" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - A
279. The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds, grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.
The word "fashion" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
280. In addition, they made used of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.
The word "article" is closest in meaning to which of following?
Answer - D
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